Differences

This shows you the differences between two versions of the page.

--- atp [2026/02/15 05:53] – created admin
+++ atp [2026/02/15 05:54] (current) – admin
@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
-====== ATP Cycle – Advanced Flowchart ======
+====== Cells and ATP ======
+=== 1. Introduction to Cells ===
+Cells are the basic structural and functional units of all living organisms.
+They perform essential life processes such as energy production, growth, communication, and reproduction.
+Cells can be classified into two main types:
+Prokaryotic cells – simple cells without a nucleus (e.g., bacteria).
+Eukaryotic cells – complex cells with a nucleus and organelles (e.g., plant and animal cells).
+=== 2. Energy in Cells ===
+Cells require energy to carry out their functions, including:
+Active transport of molecules
+Synthesis of proteins and nucleic acids
+Muscle contraction
+Cell division
+The primary energy currency in cells is ATP (Adenosine Triphosphate).
+=== 3. Structure of ATP (Fancy ASCII + Color-ready) ===
+ATP is a nucleotide composed of:
+Adenine – nitrogenous base
+Ribose – five-carbon sugar
+Three phosphate groups – linked by high-energy bonds
+Visual diagram (monospaced, ready for DokuWiki):
+          Adenine
+             |
+            Ribose
+             |
+    +--------+--------+--------+
+    |  Pα    |  Pβ    |  Pγ    |
+    +--------+--------+--------+
+       Low-E      High-E bond
+                  |
+                  +----> Energy released (ATP → ADP + Pi)
+Legend:
+Pα (alpha phosphate) – structural phosphate
+Pβ (beta phosphate) – part of high-energy bond
+Pγ (gamma phosphate) – terminal phosphate, bond cleavage releases energy
+Optional color in DokuWiki (if HTML is supported):
+<span style="color:green">Pα</span> - structural
+<span style="color:yellow">Pβ</span> - high-energy bond
+<span style="color:red">Pγ</span> - terminal phosphate
+=== 4. How ATP Works ===
+ATP hydrolysis releases energy:
+ATP + H2O → ADP + Pi + Energy
+Energy powers:
+Muscle contraction
+Active transport
+Biosynthesis of macromolecules
+Signal transduction
+ATP regeneration:
+ATP is recycled from ADP + Pi using energy from:
+Glycolysis
+Krebs cycle
+Oxidative phosphorylation (mitochondria)
+Photosynthesis (chloroplasts in plants)
+=== 5. Advanced ATP Cycle (Textbook-style Flowchart) ===
        +--------------------------------+
@@ Line 41: / Line 137: @@
-Highlights of this visual:
+Optional color in DokuWiki:
-Top → Bottom Flow shows energy intake → ATP synthesis → cellular work → ADP/Pi → regeneration.
+<span style="color:yellow">ATP</span>
+<span style="color:green">ADP + Pi</span>
+<span style="color:red">Cellular Work Done</span>
-You can optionally bold or color:
-ATP in yellow
+=== 6. Cellular Locations and Roles of ATP ===
-ADP + Pi in green
+Cytoplasm – powers glycolysis and cytosolic reactions.
-Cellular Work Done in red
+Mitochondria – main ATP production via oxidative phosphorylation.
-Example DokuWiki color syntax if your wiki supports HTML:
+Chloroplasts (plants) – ATP produced during light-dependent photosynthesis.
+ATP is essential for:
+Muscle contraction
+Active transport across membranes
+Protein synthesis
+Signal transduction and communication
+=== 7. Summary ===
+ATP is the universal energy currency for cells.
+Energy is stored in phosphate bonds and released during hydrolysis.
+Continuous ATP regeneration is vital for sustaining all cellular processes.
-<span style="color:yellow">ATP</span>
-<span style="color:green">ADP + Pi</span>
-<span style="color:red">Cellular Work Done</span>